OLEIC ACID
Effluent Concentrations :
Wastewater from olive oil production contains oleic
acid(1). Oleic
acid was qualitatively identified in
advanced waste treatment concentrates from Orange County on January 27, 1976 and
February 3, 1976 and from Blue Plains, Washington DC(2). Frying of extra-lean
and regular hamburger was found to emit 10.1 mg oleic
acid/kg meat(3). Char-broiling of
extra-lean and regular hamburger was found to emit 82.4-568 mg oleic
acid/kg meat(3); it was suggested that
meat cooking operations may be an important source of organic aerosol emissions
in Los Angeles, CA(3). Oleic acid
is present in kraft paper mill wastewaters(4). Oleic
acid was found at a concn of 60-891 ug/L
in wastewater at the Iona treatment plant in Vancouver, British Columbia(5). Oleic
acid was qualitatively identified in
wheat and rye straw pulp mill effluents(6).
Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary :
Oleic acid
occurs as a natural product in the essential oils of various plants. It has been
identified in various foods, such as brown rice and beef. Oleic
acid is released to the atmosphere in
emissions from tobacco smoke, biomass combustion, coal/refuse combustion, veneer
drying, and cooking hamburger meat. It is also released in wastewater effluents
from pulp and paper mills, olive oilproduction, and waste treatment plants. If
released to the atmosphere, oleic acid
will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals
(estimated half-life of about 5 hours). It may be physically removed from air by
dry deposition. If released to soil or water, oleic
acid is expected to biodegrade; a
variety of biodegradation screening studies have demonstrated that oleic
acid biodegrades. However, the rate of
biodegradation may be diminished due to concurrent adsorption (estimated Koc of
38,000). Occupational exposure to oleic
acid occurs primarily through dermal
contact. The general population is exposed to oleic
acid through consumption of food,
consumption of drinking water, and dermal contact with cosmetics and ointments
in which it is contained. (SRC)
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
O1eic acid injection produces acute
lung injury and pulmonary hypertension in adult animals. In other types of acute
lung injury, such as that caused by E coli endotoxin, metabolites of arachidonic
acid are important mediators of
pulmonary hypertension. Oleic acid
/was injected/ into awake, chronically instrumented newborn lambs. The
hemodynamic response of lambs to injection of oleic
acid alone was compared to their
response after pretreatment with either FPL57231, a putative leukotriene
receptor antagonist, or indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase synthesis inhibitor. Oleic
acid caused acute pulmonary
hypertension associated with an increase in protein-rich lung lymph fluid.
Systemic hemodynamic effects were variable. FPL57231 completely blocked the oleic
acid induced pulmonary hypertension
while indomethacin significantly attenuated the response. Therefore, metabolites
of arachidonic acid metabolism appear
to be important mediators of oleic acid
induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn lambs.
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
The capacity of stearic, monochlorostearic, dichlorostearic and oleic
acids to cause membrane damage was
measured as their ability to induce leakage of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from
mammalian tumour cells in vitro. Chlorinated stearic acids,
and oleic acid,
caused ATP leakage at lower concentrations than normal stearic acid.
The membrane disturbing properties are suggested to be a result of the different
molecular geometries of the chlorinated stearic acids
and oleic acid,
compared to non-chlorinated stearic acid.
Environmental Biodegradation :
A 47 and 52 theoretical %BOD for oleic
acid (initial concn of 1,000 ppm) was
measured under aerobic conditions over a period of 5 days in screening tests at
20 deg C using sewage inoculum(1). A biodegradation half-life of 0.66 days was
measured for oleic acid
at an initial concn of 100 ppm with an aerobic Warburg respirometer at 25 deg C
using activated sludge inocula(2). In another screening study a first order rate
constant was measured to be 0.12 1/hr for oleic
acid (initial concn of 100 ppm) which
corresponds to a biodegradation half-life of 0.2 days(5). Oleic
acid at initial concns of 1, 10, 1,
and 10 ppm exhibited 90, 24, 97, and 28 theoretical %BOD, respectively, over
incubation periods of 5, 5, 10, and 10 days, respectively, in an aerobic
screening study using sewage inoculum(3). A 68 theoretical %BOD (initial concn
of 100 ppm) was measured under aerobic conditions over a period of 5 days in a
screening test at 20 deg C using sewage inoculum(4). A 39 theoretical %BOD for oleic
acid (initial concn not given) was
measured under aerobic conditions over a period of 5 days in a screening test at
20 deg C using sewage inoculum(6).
Environmental Water Concentrations :
SURFACE WATER: Oleic acid
was qualitatively identified in the lower Fox River, Wisconsin(1). Oleic
acid was detected at concns of 1-114
ug/l at distances 0.1-6 km from a kraft pulp mill sewer in the southern part of
Lake Saimaa, Finland(2). During summer and fall of 1990, oleic
acid was detected at a maximum concn
of 12 ug/L from 13 water samples taken in northern Alberta(3). Oleic
acid was qualitatively identified in 5
of 15 water samples taken from Thunder Bay, Lake Superior, during the summer of
1983(4).
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
The effect of oleic acid
on insulin secretion was studied in the isolated perfused rat pancreas. In the
absence of glucose a continuous infusion of oleic
acid (1500 uM) induced a biphasic
insulin release. The results suggest that high conc of oleic
acid stimulate insulin release from
the isolated perfused rat pancreas and modulate the insulin response to arginine
or glucose.
Food Survey Values :
Hydrogenated coconut oil, regular hard margarine, and hard butter contain
3.6, 59, and 83 grams oleic acid
per 100 grams of fat, respectively(1). Oleic
acid is a natural constituent of
peanut oil (36-72 wt%), palm kernel oil (9-16 wt%), coconut oil (6-8 wt%), olive
oil (65-85 wt%), corn oil (19-50 wt%), palm oil (38-44 wt%), rapeseed oil (11-60
wt%), soybean oil (20-30 wt%), sunflower oil (14-65 wt %), herring oil (8-15
wt%), sardine oil (15-25 wt%), and beef tallow (20-50 wt%)(2). Oleic
acid's composition in brown rice
ranges from 37.9-51.6 wt% of total acids(3).
Environmental Fate :
AQUATIC FATE: Several screening studies(1-6) indicate that oleic
acid will rapidly biodegrade in
aquatic ecosystems(SRC). Adsorption to sediment (estimated Koc of 38,000) and
bioconcentration in aquatic organisms (estimated BCF of 44,000) are expected to
be important transport processes for the undissociated form of oleic
acid in water systems(8,SRC). Based on
the pKa value of 5.02(7), oleic acid
will be 99% dissociated at pH 7(SRC). Volatilization from water may be important
from shallow, rapidly moving waters (estimated half-life from a model river is
1.6 days(8,SRC)).
Soil Adsorption/Mobility :
Based on an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 7.73(2) and
a regression derived equation(1), the Koc for undissociated oleic
acid can be estimated to be
approximately 38,000(SRC). According to a suggested classification scheme(3),
this Koc value indicates that oleic acid
will be immobile in soil(3); therefore, adsorption to soil and sediment may be
an important fate process(SRC). Based on a pKa value of 5.02(4), oleic
acid will be 99% dissociated at pH
7(SRC). No experimental data are available to determine whether the oleate ion
will adsorb to sediment or soil less strongly than its estimated Koc value
indicates(SRC).
Environmental Fate :
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on an experimental vapor pressure of 5.46X10-7 mm Hg
at 25 deg C(1), oleic acid
will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient
atmosphere(2); monitoring data support this estimate(4). Vapor-phase oleic
acid is degraded by reaction with
photochemically formed hydroxyl radicals in the ambient atmosphere; the
half-life for this reaction in air can be estimated to be about 5 hours(3,SRC). Oleic
acid has been found on airborne
particulate matter(5-6) which would suggest removal from air via dry
deposition(SRC).
Fish/Seafood Concentrations :
Oleic acid
is a natural constituent of whale oil (22-35 wt%), sardine oil (15-25 wt%), and
herring oil (8-15 wt%)(1). During summer and fall of 1990, oleic
acid was detected at a maximum concn
of 690 ug/g from 11 fish bile samples taken in northern Alberta(2). Oleic
acid was qualitatively identified in
lake trout and walleye collected from Lake Michigan and Lake Erie 3).
Artificial Pollution Sources :
Oleic acid
is released in emissions from tobacco smoke and veneer drying(2). It is also
released to the environment in fly ash emissions from coal/refuse combustion(3).
Oleic acid
can be released in urban runoff(1). It is released in pulp and paper mill
effluents, as well as publically owned treatment work (POTW) effluents(3-5).
Cooking extra-lean and regular hamburger releases oleic
acid to the air(6).
Environmental Biodegradation :
After a 16 day acclimation time, a 63.5 theoretical %BOD was measured for oleic
acid (initial concn not given) over a
period of 5 days in an aerobic screening test at 20 deg C using activated sludge
inocula(1). A 47.7 and 52.9 theoretical %BOD for oleic
acid (initial concn not given) was
measured under aerobic conditions over a period of 5 days in screening tests at
20 deg C using sewage inoculum(2). A 57.2 theoretical %BOD was measured for oleic
acid (initial concn of 500 ppm) over a
period of 5 days in an aerobic screening test at 20 deg C using activated sludge
inoculum(3).
Atmospheric Concentrations :
RURAL/REMOTE: Oleic acid
was found at concns of 190 ng/cu-m in January of 1981, 3.6 ng/cu-m in July of
1981, and 2.1 ng/cu-m in August of 1981 from aerosol samples taken 1 m above
ground level in a heavily vegetated area of American Samoa(1). Oleic
acid was detected at a concn of 0.043
ng/cu-m on an aerosol sample taken above the North Pacific Ocean During May of
1986(1). The mean concn of oleic acid
on aerosols over the North Atlantic Ocean was 1.6 ng/cu-m in 1978(2).
Metabolism/Metabolites :
The normal metabolic pathway of palmitic and stearic acids
in mammals produces oleic acid.
Oleic acid,
on a series of elongation and desaturation steps, may be converted into longer
chain eicosatrienoic and nervonic acid.
FIFRA Requirements :
As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive
review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects
and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration
program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients
initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are
eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new
safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which
EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA,
as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for
human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater
concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Oleic
acid is found on List D. Case
No: 4083; Pesticide type: insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, rodenticide,
antimicrobial; Case Status: RED
Approved 09/92; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are
eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility
Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Oleic
acid; AI Status: The active ingredient
is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ...
"cancelled."
Probable Routes of Human Exposure :
During its production and use, workers may be exposed to oleic
acid via dermal contact(SRC). The
general population is exposed to oleic
acid through consumption of food
(since it occurs in various foods(2-4)), consumption of drinking water(5,SRC),
and through dermal contact during its use in cosmetics and ointments(1,SRC).
Environmental Bioconcentration :
Based on an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 7.73(2) and
a regression derived equation(1), the BCF for undissociated oleic
acid can be estimated to be
approximately 44,000(SRC). This estimated BCF suggets that oleic
acid may bioconcentrate in aquatic
organisms(SRC).
Atmospheric Concentrations :
URBAN/SUBURBAN: Oleic acid
was qualitatively detected in airborne particulate matter in a suburban area in
Japan(1). Oleic acid
was qualitatively found in the gas phase in air from an unknown urban area and
it was quantitatively identified in particulate samples at concns of 1.31-2.68
ug/1000 cu-m(2).
Human Toxicity Excerpts :
Neutrophils from healthy volunteers were isolated and incubated with
albumin-bound oleic acid.
Standard in vitro function tests including phagocytosis, bactericidal activity,
and chemotaxis were performed after the incubation. Oleic
acid caused no changes in bactericidal
activity and only moderate decreases in phagocytosis and chemotaxis at high
conc.
Environmental Fate :
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Biodegradation is expected to be the dominant fate process
in soil based on half-lives of 0.2 and 0.66 days in screening tests(1-2,SRC). An
estimated Koc of 38,000(4,SRC) suggests that oleic
acid, in the undissociated form, will
be immobile in soil(5). Based on the pKa value of 5.02(3), oleic
acid will be 99% dissociated at pH
7(SRC) and no data are available to determine whether the oleate ion will adsorb
to soil less strongly than by its estimated Koc.
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
Oleic acid
was found to be negative when tested for mutagenicity using the Salmonella/microsome
preincubation assay, using the standard protocol approved by the National
Toxicology Program (NTP). Oleic acid
was tested in as many as 5 Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA97,
TA98, and TA100) in the presence and absence of rat and hamster liver S-9, at
doses of 0.100, 0.300, 1.000, 3.300, 10.000, 33.000, 100.000, and 333.000 ug/plate.
The highest ineffective dose tested in any S. typhimurium strain was 333.000 ug/plate.
Slight clearing of the background bacterial lawn occurred at 10.000 ug/plate in
cultures without activation (the highest dose tested without S-9). In cultures
tested with activation, clearing of the background lawn was not seen until the
dose reached 333.000 ug/plate.
Environmental Water Concentrations :
DRINKING WATER: Oleic acid
was qualitatively detected in drinking water concentrate from New Orleans, LA on
January 14, 1976, Cincinnati, OH on January 14, 1980, and Seattle, WA on
November 5, 1976(1). Oleic acid
was qualitatively identified in water from a British drinking water supply(2).
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
Dogs received weekly injections of 0.09 g/kg of oleic
acid over a period of 1 to 3 months
and responded with a variety of pulmonary changes. Early changes were thromboses
and cellular necrosis. These changes were followed by a repair stage with
proliferation of type 2 cells and fibrotic foci in subpleural areas. A later
change was pulmonary fibrosis. The extent of lesions was related to the number
of oleic acid
injections.
Natural Pollution Sources :
Oleic acid
is a natural constituent of cotton seed oil, linseed oil, peanut oil, coconut
oil, palm kernel oil, olive oil, corn oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil,
sunflower oil, herring oil, sardine oil, whale oil, beef tallow(1), and brown
rice(2). Furthermore, oleic acid
can be released in runoff from its natural sources(3) and in emissions from
biomass combustion(4).
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
It has recently been shown that the infusion of oleic
acid into the rat pancreaticobiliary
duct causes a reproducible and long-lasting atrophy of exocrine pancreas. The
effects of this pancreatic atrophy on non-invasive pancreatic function tests
have not been fully characterized. This study was undertaken to determine which
pancreatic function test was most useful in determining pancreatic insufficiency
in this model. Pancreatic insufficiency (PI) was induced in male Wistar rats by oleic
acid infusion and three pancreatic
function tests were compared in these animals and saline controls. The
coefficient of fat absorption on a 5 or 45% fat diet and bentiromide testing
could not differentiate animals with or without pancreatic insufficiency but
fecal chymotrypsin levels were excellent discriminators. All animals with
pancreatic insufficiency had fecal-chymotrypsin levels below 67 U/g feces
whereas all saline controls were above this level.
Formulations/Preparations :
GRADES: VARIETY OF TECHNICAL GRADES; GRADE FREE FROM CHICK EDEMA FACTOR; USP;
FCC; 99+%. A PURIFIED TECHNICAL OLEIC ACID
CONTAINING 90% OR MORE OLEIC, 4%
MAXIMUM LINOLEIC & 6% MAXIMUM SATURATED ACIDS
IS AVAIL.
General Manufacturing Information :
OBTAINED AS BY-PRODUCT IN MFR OF SOLID STEARIC & PALMITIC ACIDS
USED IN MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES, STEARATES, & OTHER PRODUCTS. CRUDE OLEIC
ACID IS KNOWN AS "RED OIL,"
STEARIC & PALMITIC ACIDS BEING
SEPARATED BY COOLING MIXTURE & FILTERING.
Methods of Manufacturing :
FREE FATTY ACID IS OBTAINED FROM
THE GLYCERIDE BY HYDROLYSIS, STEAM DISTILLATION & SEPARATION BY
CRYSTALLIZATION OR SOLVENT EXTRACTION. FILTRATION FROM PRESS CAKE RESULTS IN OLEIC
ACID OF COMMERCE (RED OIL) WHICH IS
PURIFIED & BLEACHED FOR SPECIFIC USES.
Hazardous Reactivities & Incompatibilities :
The improved preparation of 1,4-octadecanolactone involves heating oleic
acid (or other C18 acids)
with 70% perchloric acid to 115 deg C.
This is considered to be a potentially dangerous method.
FDA Requirements :
/Oleic acid
derived from tall oil fatty acids/ is
a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as
long as 1) the quantity added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably
required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical
effect in food, and 2) when intended for use in or on food it is of appropriate
food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.
Hazardous Reactivities & Incompatibilities :
Shortly after mixing /aluminum and oleic
acid/, an explosion occurred, but this
could not be repeated. The acid may
have been peroxidized.
General Manufacturing Information :
OLEIC ACID
... MOST ABUNDANT OF ALL NATURAL FATTY ACIDS.
Synonyms :
DELTA(9)-CIS-OLEIC ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**
Synonyms :
CIS-OLEIC ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**
Synonyms :
EMERSOL 221 LOW TITER WHITE OLEIC ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**
Synonyms :
EMERSOL 220 WHITE OLEIC ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**
Analytic Laboratory Methods :
OLEIC ACID
DETERMINATION IN OILS & FATS BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY.
FIFRA Requirements :
Oleic acid
is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a defoaming agent
in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active)
ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals.
FIFRA Requirements :
Residues of oleic acid
are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a diluent in
accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active)
ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw
agricultural commodities after harvest.
Allowable Tolerances :
Oleic acid
is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a defoaming agent
in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active)
ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals.
Allowable Tolerances :
Residues of oleic acid
are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a diluent in
accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active)
ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw
agricultural commodities after harvest.
Probable Routes of Human Exposure :
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 818,506
workers are potentially exposed to oleic
acid in the USA(1).
Interactions :
LOW CONCN OF ... OLEIC ACID
... CAUSED CONSIDERABLE INCREASE IN THE INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF AMORPHOUS &
POLYMORPHIC CHLORAMPHENICOL IN THE CAT.
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
The influence of various dietary constituents--phenethylisothiocyanate (PEITC),
oleic acid
(OA), triolein (TO), and vitamin A (ROL)--on the genotoxic activity of
nitrosamines (NDMA, NDELA, NPYR) was investigated. For this purpose differential
DNA repair assays with Escherichia coli K-12 strains were performed in vitro and
in vivo with mice. Under in vitro conditions (liquid holding), all compounds
reduced nitrosamine induced DNA-damage in the indicator bacteria in the dose
range 1-10 ug/ml, the ranking order of efficiency being pheneethylisothiocyanate
greater than vitamin A greater than or equal to triolein.
Human Toxicity Excerpts :
Oleic acid
in human blood reversibly altered the shape of erythrocytes, led to the
reduction of viscosity of the blood in vitro, and reduced the erythrocyte
sedimentation rate.
Other Environmental Concentrations :
Oleic acid
was found at concns of 1115.5, 10.7, and 130.9 ug/g in tire wear particles,
brake lining particles, and road dust particles(1).
Plant Concentrations :
Oleic acid
is a natural constituent of cotton seed oil (13-44 wt%) and linseed oil (15-25
wt%)(1).
Sediment/Soil Concentrations :
During summer and fall of 1990, Oleic
acid was detected at a maximum concn
of 4.3 ug/g from 21 sediment samples taken in northern Alberta(1).
Effluent Concentrations :
Oleic acid
was detected at a concn range of 6-11 ppb in publically owned treatment work (POTW)
effluents from three New Jersey facilities(1).
Environmental Water Concentrations :
GROUNDWATER: Oleic acid
was found at a maximum concn of 142 ng/L in groundwater near Barcelona,
Spain(1).
Volatilization from Water/Soil :
The Henry's Law constant for oleic acid
can be estimated to be 4.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 deg C using a structure
estimation method(1,SRC). According to a suggested classification scheme(2),
this value of Henry's Law constant suggests that volatilization may be important
in shallow rapidly moving water(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the
volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a
wind velocity of 3 m/sec) can be estimated to be about 1.6 days(2,SRC). The
volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep) can be estimated to be
about 17 days(2,SRC).
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
... Oleic acid
or neutralized sodium oleate injected into the corneas of rabbits caused the
eyes to become inflamed within a few hours, to develop corneal abscess within a
few days, and to become extensively scarred and vascularized. There was necrosis
in the immediate region of the injection, and formation of fat droplets in
surviving surrounding corneal cells.
General Manufacturing Information :
HEAVY METALS & CALCIUM SALTS FORM INSOLUBLE OLEATES. IODINE SOLN ARE
DECOLORIZED BY FORMATION OF IODINE ADDITION CMPD OF OLEIC
ACID.
Environmental Abiotic Degradation :
The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of oleic
acid with photochemically produced
hydroxyl radicals can be estimated to be 7.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg
C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 hours at an
atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC).
Interactions :
ALTERATIONS IN PHOSPHOLIPID COMPOSITION IN BRAIN & HEART OCCURS IN
RESPONSE TO ETHANOL IN THOSE STRAINS OF MICE THAT SHOW RAPID TOLERANCE TO
ETHANOL. AN INCREASE IN LIVER PHOSPHOLIPIDS CONTAINING OLEIC
ACID WERE FOUND IN ALL STRAINS.
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
THERE WAS AN INCREASE IN OLEIC ACID
OF LECITHIN IN ALCOHOLICS, (OBSERVED IN BOTH LECITHIN & TRIGLYCERIDES), AS
COMPARED TO NORMALS.
Absorption, Distribution & Excretion :
METABOLISM OF TRITIATED OLEIC ACID
WAS STUDIED IN RATS DURING 600 DAYS. DURING FIRST 4 DAYS, HALF ACTIVITY IS FIXED
TO WATER & HALF IS STORED IN ADIPOSE TISSUE WHICH IT LEAVES QUICKLY, THEN
MORE SLOWLY WITH T/2 OF ABOUT 200 DAYS.
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
% COMPOSITION OF OLEIC ACID
IN LIPID FRAGMENTS DECREASED WITH METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE (DOSAGE: 1-10 MG/KG)
EXCEPT FOR THAT IN PHOSPHOLIPIDS OF KIDNEY OF RATS RECEIVING LOWEST DOSE.
FDA Requirements :
/Oleic acid,
sulfated/ is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
OLEIC ACID
CONJUGATE OF DDT WAS RETAINED IN VIVO IN LIVERS & SPLEEN OF MALE &
FEMALE RATS GIVEN CHRONIC IP DDT INJECTIONS.
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
FREE OLEIC ACID
IN PLASMA WAS INCREASED IN 12 HEALTHY MALE VOLUNTEERS TREATED WITH DAILY ORAL
DOSES OF HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE 100 MG, CHLORTHALIDONE 100 MG, OR FUROSEMIDE 80 MG
FOR 3 WEEKS IN CROSS-OVER TRIAL.
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
SODIUM HYDROCORTISONE 21-PHOSPHATE (5 MG/KG, IP, DAILY FOR 14 DAYS) LOWERED
THE PERCENTAGE OF OLEIC ACID.
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
RATS WERE GIVEN IV INJECTIONS OF 3% METHYLNITROSOUREA (60 MG/KG) FOR 6
CONSECUTIVE DAYS. PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE & PLASMALOGEN WERE CHARACTERIZED BY A
DIMINISHED CONTENT OF OLEIC ACID
(18:1).
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
WITHIN 30-60 SECONDS AFTER IMPLANTATION OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE BONE
CEMENT, OLEIC ACID
CONTENT DOUBLED IN VENA CAVA BLOOD.
General Manufacturing Information :
EMULSIONS OF 10% FAT (INTRALIPID 10%) ARE PREPD FROM REFINED SOY BEAN OIL,
EGG-YOLK PHOSPHOLIPIDS, & GLYCERIN. THE MAJOR FATTY ACIDS
ARE LINOLEIC, OLEIC, PALMITIC, &
LINOLENIC. THE PREPN IS ISOTONIC & MAY BE ADMIN INTO A PERIPHERAL VEIN ...
IN PARENTERAL ALIMENTATION.
Preventive Measures :
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is
conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend
not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the
substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye
protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be
individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the
wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases,
contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection
equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
Formulations/Preparations :
SEVERAL GRADES ... AVAILABLE IN COMMERCE, VARYING ... PALE YELLOW TO RED
BROWN & DEPENDING ON AMT OF STEARIC, ETC, SATURATED ACID
PRESENT, BECOMING TURBID AT 8-16 DEG C. THE ACID
OF COMMERCE USUALLY CONTAINS 7-12% SATURATED ACIDS
... STEARIC, PALMITIC ... LINOLEIC, ETC, UNSATURATED ACIDS.
General Manufacturing Information :
... CONSISTS CHIEFLY OF (Z)-9-OCTADECENOIC ACID
... USUALLY CONTAINS VARIABLE AMT OF OTHER FATTY ACIDS
PRESENT IN TALLOW SUCH AS LINOLENIC & STEARIC ACIDS.
Major Uses :
CHEM INT FOR METALLIC & AMINE SOAPS; PELARGONIC ACID,
AZELAIC ACID, NITROGEN DERIVS; ANIONIC
& NONIONIC SURFACTANTS, PLASTICIZERS; TEXTILE CHEMICALS; WAXES
Synonyms :
TEGO-OLEIC 130
**PEER REVIEWED**
Major Uses :
SOLVENT FOR OTHER OILS, FATTY ACIDS
& OIL-SOLUBLE MATERIALS
Major Uses :
COMPOSITION IN WHEAT FLOUR FATTY ACIDS:
11.5%.
Major Uses :
... A DEFOAMING AGENT IN WET-PROCESS PHOSPHORUS ACID
PROCESS, IT IS REPORTED TO ENLARGE GYPSUM CRYSTALS 75% & THUS AID IN
FILTRATION STEP.
Major Uses :
DEFOAMING AGENT IN WET-PROCESS PHOSPHORIC ACID
PROCESS
Synonyms :
CIS-DELTA(SUP 9)-OCTADECENOIC ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**
Synonyms :
9,10-OCTADECENOIC ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**
Synonyms :
Z-9-OCTADECENOIC ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**
Synonyms :
CIS-OCTADEC-9-ENOIC ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**
Synonyms :
L'ACIDE OLEIQUE (FRENCH)
**PEER REVIEWED**
Synonyms :
9-OCTADECENOIC ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
THE FREE ACID IN VACCINES (...
MANNIDE MONOOLEATE) HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH STERILE ABSCESSES.
Synonyms :
CIS-DELTA(9)-OCTADECENOIC ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**
Clinical Laboratory Methods :
LIPIDS WERE EXTRACTED WITH CHLOROFORM-METHANOL (1:1), METHYLATED, & FATTY
ACIDS WERE DETECTED BY GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY.
Synonyms :
CENTURY CD FATTY ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**
Other Chemical/Physical Properties :
REACTS WITH ALKALIES TO FORM SOAPS; OXIDIZED TO VARIOUS DERIVATIVES BY NITRIC
ACID, POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE, &
OTHER AGENTS
Other Chemical/Physical Properties :
IODINE NUMBER: 89.9; ACID VALUE:
198.6; SOLIDIFICATION @ 4 DEG C TO CRYSTALLINE MASS
Synonyms :
ELAIC ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**
Synonyms :
OLEINIC ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**
Emergency Medical Treatment :
| EMT Copyright Disclaimer: |
| Portions of the POISINDEX(R) database are provided here
for general reference. THE COMPLETE POISINDEX(R) DATABASE, AVAILABLE
FROM MICROMEDEX, SHOULD BE CONSULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR
TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC CASES. Copyright 1974-1998 Micromedex, Inc.
Denver, Colorado. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication, replication or
redistribution of all or part of the POISINDEX(R) database is a
violation of Micromedex' copyrights and is strictly prohibited.
The following Overview, *** NON-TOXIC INGESTION ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. |
| Life Support: |
o This overview assumes that basic life support measures
have been instituted.
|
| Clinical Effects: |
SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o A non-toxic ingestion occurs when the victim consumes a
nonedible product which usually does not produce
symptoms. The importance of knowing that a product is
nontoxic is that overtreatment is avoided and, more
importantly, the victim and parents are not placed in
the jeopardy of a panicky automobile ride to the
physician or nearest hospital (Comstock, 1978).
o Materials referenced to this management have been
considered very unlikely to produce any toxicity except
in enormous doses. For example, ballpoint pen
cartridges, even if sucked completely dry by a child,
do not contain enough toxic materials to cause illness
(Mofenson et al, 1984).
o While almost anything, including water and table salt,
may cause illness if taken in excessive amounts or by
other than the normal route, normal exposures from
these products would not be expected to produce
toxicity (Horev & Cohen, 1994).
o Some agents are harmful in manners different from that
expected. A broken thermometer is dangerous not from
the inert metallic mercury, but from the broken glass
(Mofenson et al, 1984). Most patients calling are more
worried about mercury, which they think of as poison,
than the glass.
o General guidelines for determining if an exposure can
be categorized as non-toxic (reviewed in Weisman, 1998;
Mofenson et al, 1984):
1. Absolute identification of the product, its
ingredients, and its concentration.
2. Absolute assurance that only the identified product
was involved in the exposure.
3. The exposure must be unintentional.
4. "Signal words" identified by the Consumer Product
Safety Commission (i.e. Caution, Warning, Danger)
must not be found on the label.
5. A reliable approximation of the quantity of the
substance involved in the exposure.
6. The route of exposure can be assessed accurately from
the patient's available history.
7. Following the exposure, the patient is symptom-free.
8. A follow-up consultation with the patient must be
possible. In the case of a pediatric exposure, the
parent must appear to be reliable.
|
| Laboratory: |
o In most cases it will not be necessary to perform
laboratory tests. However, if a patient is developing
symptoms from what should be a non-toxic product,
appropriate evaluation and treatment should be performed.
|
| Treatment Overview: |
ORAL EXPOSURE
o Even though a substance may be considered non-toxic for
the amount ingested or packaged, it should not be
considered as non-toxic in any amounts. Even ingestions
of various foodstuffs can cause adverse symptoms if
large amounts are eaten (green apples, garlic, onion).
o The most important fact to remember is to treat the
patient not the poison, especially when the diagnosis is
unknown.
o Knowing that the product is listed as non-toxic helps
avoid overtreating the patient or being over zealous in
getting a patient to professional medical care.
o If there is a question of simultaneous ingestion of a
product which may be more dangerous, the management on
the more toxic agent should be consulted.
INHALATION EXPOSURE
o Although inhalation of common dust may not be considered
toxic, it is certainly a hazard if there is inhalation
of too many particles. Individuals should be removed
from exposure to too high a concentration of even
relatively non-toxic substances.
EYE EXPOSURE
o Foreign materials in the eye may not cause a toxic
reaction, but injury from a foreign body may occur. In
such cases, the patient should be observed for eye
irritation and should seek medical assistance if the
irritation becomes significant.
DERMAL EXPOSURE
o Foreign materials spilled on the skin may not represent
a toxic or irritation hazard in small quantities, but
may produce adverse effects if applied in large
quantities or if used over a significant period of time.
Whenever possible, foreign materials should be removed
from the skin with simple washing. Should skin
irritation or erythema occur, a patient may wish to seek
medical assistance.
|
| Range of Toxicity: |
o These agents are considered not to be a toxic hazard in
the quantities available through normal exposure or
package size.
|